International Comparisons of Recorded Violent Crime Rates for 2000

Section 1 |Section 2 |Section 3 | Section 4 | Section 5 | Section 6 | Section 7 | Section 8 | Section 9 | Section 10 | Section 11 | Section 12

Appendix

Table A1 American definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

Table A2 Australian definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

Table A3 England and Wales definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

Table A4 Canadian definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

Table A1 American definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

AMERICAN DEFINITION EQUIVALENT NEW ZEALAND OFFENCES
MURDER AND NON-NEGLIGENT MANSLAUGHTER

Murder and non-negligent manslaughter, as defined in the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, is the wilful (non-negligent) killing of one human being by another. The classification of this offence, as for all other Crime Index offences, is based solely on police investigation as opposed to the determination of a court, medical examiner, coroner, jury, or other judicial body. Not included in the count for this offence classification are deaths caused by negligence, suicide, or accident; justifiable homicides; and attempts to murder or assaults to murder, which are scored as aggravated assaults.
1110 Murder
1130 Manslaughter
1140 Infanticide
ROBBERY

Robbery is the taking or attempting to take anything of value from the care, custody, or control of a person or persons by force or threat of force or violence and/or by putting the victim in fear.
1310 Aggravated robbery
1320 Non aggravated robbery
1330 Assaults with intent to rob
FORCIBLE RAPE

Forcible rape, as defined in the Uniform Crime Reporting Program, is the carnal knowledge of a female forcibly and against her will. Assaults or attempts to commit rape by force or threat of force are also included; however, statutory rape (without force) and other sex offences are excluded>
Part of 2650 Series - Sexual violation offences:
265(1-4) – Rape

Part of 2660 Series - Attempt to commit sexual violation
266(1-4)- Attempted rape

Part of 2670 Series - Assault with attempt to commit sexual violation
267(1-4) Assault with intent to rape
AGGRAVATED ASSAULT

Aggravated assault is an unlawful attack by one person upon another for the purpose of inflicting severe or aggravated bodily injury. This type of assault is usually accompanied by the use of a weapon or by means likely to produce death or great bodily harm. Attempts are included since it is not necessary that an injury result when a gun, knife, or other weapon is used which could and probably would result in serious personal injury if the crime were successfully completed.
1120 Attempted murder

1410
1420
1430
1460
1470
1480
1490

Table A2 Australian definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

AUSTRALIAN DEFINITION EQUIVALENT NEW ZEALAND OFFENCES
HOMICIDE

The definition of homicide used by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) is the unlawful killing of another person. Homicide statistics include the following categories of offences:
murder - the wilful killing of a person either intentionally or with reckless indifference to life; and
manslaughter - the unlawful killing of a person caused:
without intent to kill, usually as a result of a careless, reckless or negligent act; or intentionally but due to extreme provocation; or when in a state of mind that impairs the capacity to understand or control one's actions.
1110 Murder
1130 Manslaughter
1140 Infanticide
1150 Abortion
1160 Aiding suicide and pact
ASSAULT

Direct infliction of force, injury or violence upon a person, including attempts or threats, providing the attempts/threats are in the form of face-to-face direct confrontation and there is reason to believe that the attempts/threats can be immediately enacted.
1400 Grievous assaults
1500 Serious assaults
1600 Minor assaults
Parts of 1700 series - Intimidation/Threats

- 1710 Threats to kill/do gbh
- 1720 Threatening acts
- 1730 Threatening behaviour/language
- 1740 Demand intent to steal/extortion

SEXUAL ASSAULT

Is a physical assault of a sexual nature, directed toward another person where that person:

- does not give consent; or
- gives consent as a result of intimidation or fraud; or
- is legally deemed incapable of giving consent because of youth or temporary/permanent incapacity.

Sexual assault includes: rape, sexual assault, sodomy, buggery, oral sex, incest, carnal knowledge, unlawful sexual intercourse, indecent assault, and assault with intent to rape.

2600 Sexual attacks
2710 Incest
2800 Immoral behaviour
ROBBERY

Offences that involved the unlawful taking of property, with intent to permanently deprive the owner of the property, from the immediate possession of a person, or an organisation, or control, custody or care of a person, accompanied by the use, and/or threatened use of immediate force or violence. Robbery victims can therefore be persons or organisations.
1300 Robbery

Table A3 England and Wales definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

ENGLAND AND WALES DEFINITION EQUIVALENT NEW ZEALAND OFFENCES
VIOLENCE AGAINST THE PERSON

1. Murder
2. Attempted Murder
3. Threat or conspiracy to murder
4.1 Manslaughter
4.2 Infanticide
4.3 Child destruction
4.4 Causing death by dangerous driving
4.5 Causing death by careless driving when under the influence of drink or drugs
5. Wounding or other act endangering life
6. Endangering railway passenger
7. Endangering life at sea
8A. Other wounding
8B. Possession of weapons
8C. Harassment

- causing intentional harassment, alarm or distress
- fear or provocation of violence
- harassment, alarm or distress

8D. Racially-aggravated other wounding (see 8A)
8E. Racially-aggravated harassment (see 8C)
11. Cruelty to and neglect of children

- Allowing persons under 16 to take part in performances endangering life or limb
- Training of persons under 12 for dangerous performances
- Taking children to nurse for reward
- Exposing child to risk of burning
- Allowing child or young person to be in brothel
- Neglecting to provide for safety at children’s entertainment
- Permitting child to be in verminous condition

12. Abandoning a child under the age of two years
13. Child abduction
14. Procuring illegal abortion
15. Concealment of birth
37.1 Causing death by aggravated vehicle taking
104 Assault on a constable

- Vagrant violently resisting a constable
- Resisting or obstructing constable in execution of his duty

105A. Common assault

- Common assault and battery
- Assault on County Court officer
- Assault on person assisting a constable
- Assault on prison custody officer
- Assault on officer in secure training centre
- Resisting or wilfully obstructing a prison custody officer
- Resisting or wilfully obstructing a custody officer
- Assault on court security officer
- Resisting or wilfully obstructing court security officer

105B. Racially aggravated common assault (see 105A)

1110 Murder
1120 Attempted murder
1130 Manslaughter
1140 Infanticide
1150 Abortion
1221 Abducts child under 16
1400 Grievous assaults
1500 Serious assaults
1600 Minor assaults
1710 Threatens to kill/do GBH
1721 Threatens person - firearm
1722 Threatens person - other weapon
1723 Threatens person - manually
1724 Threatens person - verbally
1730 Threatening behaviour/language
1740 Demand intent to steal/extortion
1770 Fail to provide necessities of life
1780 Miscellaneous intimidation/threats
1791 Threaten person (stabbing/cutting weapon)
1793 Unlawful intimidation/threats (stabbing/cutting weapon)
1840 Harassment Act 1997
3510 Obstructing/hindering/resisting
6860 Offences re use of firearm
A105 Causing death under influence of drink
A106 Causing death under influence of a drug
A108 Excess breath alcohol causing death
A111 Causing death under influence drink/drug
A112 Aggravated careless (under influence) causing death/injury
A304 Cause death driving excess blood alcohol
B169 Assault with a weapon
B176 Manslaughter if driver had caused death
B177 Assault with intent to injure
B179 Aggravated assault-Police officer/other
B181 Possession of knife in public place no excuse
B182 Cause injury - if death occurred guilty manslaughter
D102 Recklessly caused death or injury
D103 Recklessly driving causing death
D202 Drove dangerously cause death or injury
D203 Driving in dangerously cause death
D303 Driving at dangerous speed causing death
D503 Careless/inconsiderate causing death or injury
D504 Careless driving causing death
D505 Aggravated careless driving cause death or injury
D506 Careless driving-excessive speed cause death
D508 Careless riving alcohol involved causing death
D510 Careless driving reg breach causing death
D516 Careless driving-alcohol involved-causing death
D517 Careless driving-drug involved-causing death
D518 Careless driving-drink/drug involved-causing death
SEXUAL OFFENCES

16. Buggery [1]
17. Indecent assault on a male
18 Gross indecency between males
19A. Rape of a female
19B. Rape of a male
20. Indecent assault on a female
21. Unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl under 13
22. Unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl under 16
23. Incest
24. Procuration
25. Abduction
26. Bigamy
27. Soliciting or importuning by a man

- kerb-crawling
- persistently soliciting of women for the purpose of prostitution

73. Abuse of position of trust
74. Gross indecency with a child

2600 Sexual attacks
2710 Incest
2810 Unlawful sexual intercourse
2910 Brothels and prostitution
ROBBERY

34A. Robbery of business property
34B. Robbery of personal property
1300 Robbery

Table A4 Canadian definition of violent crime and the equivalent New Zealand offences

CANADIAN DEFINITION EQUIVALENT NEW ZEALAND OFFENCES
HOMICIDE

First and second degree murder
Manslaughter
Infanticide.
1110 Murder
1130 Manslaughter
1140 Infanticide
ATTEMPTED MURDER 1120 Attempted murder
ASSAULTS – TOTAL (levels 1, 2, & 3)

Assault (applying intentional force; attempts or threatens to apply force with belief has present ability to effect; accosts or impedes a person or begs while openly wearing or carrying a weapon)
Assault with weapon or causing bodily harm
Aggravated assault (wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the complainant)
1410 Wounding with intent
1420 Injuring with intent
1430 Aggravated wounding/injury
1450 Dangerous acts with intent
1480 Use firearm against Law Enforcement officer
1490 Assault with weapon
1510 Aggravated assaults
1520 Assault with intent to injure
1530 Assault on child (under 14 years)
1540 Assault by male on female
1580 Common assault
1590 Miscellaneous common assault
OTHER ASSAULTS

Unlawfully causing bodily harm
Discharge firearm with intent
Assault peace officer - Police
Assault peace officer - other
Other assaults (administering noxious thing; overcoming resistance to commission of offence (choke, suffocate or strangle); trap cause harm/permit trap; torture by or authorized by official; assault person with intent to resist arrest or prevent seizure)
1440 disabling/stupefying
1460 Injure – if death ensued
1470 Miscellaneous grievous assaults (throws acid, poisons, infects)
1550 Assaults police
1560 Assault person assist police
1570 assaults person lawful ex process
SEXUAL ASSAULT – TOTAL (levels 1, 2, & 3)

Sexual assault
Sexual assault with weapon, or threats to a third party or causing bodily harm
Aggravated sexual assault (wounds, maims, disfigures or endangers the life of the complainant)
2630 Indecent assaults
2650 Sexual violation
2660 Attempt to commit sexual violation
2670 Assault intent commit sexual violation
OTHER SEXUAL OFFENCES

Sexual interference
Invitation to sexual touching
Sexual exploitation
Incest
Anal intercourse
Bestiality
2640 Inducing sexual connection by coercion
2680 Sexual intercourse with child under care
2690 Sexual offences against male victim
2700 Abnormal sex
2800 Immoral behaviour
ABDUCTION

Abduction of person < 14
Abduction of person < 16
Abduct contravening custody order
Abduction no custody order
1221 Abducts child under 16
ROBBERY

Robbery with firearms
With other offensive weapons
Other robbery
1300 Robbery

1. The Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 introduced a specific offence of rape of a male. From 1995, male victims of forced buggery are classified as male rape.


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